By

prep.

Along side of (of rest): P. and V. παρά (dat.); of motion: P. and V. παρά (acc.).

At: P. and V. πρός (dat.), παρά (dat. or acc.), ἐπί (dat.).

Near: P. and V. ἐγγύς (gen.); see {{U}}Near.

In adjurations to the gods: P. and V. μά (acc.), Ar. and P. νή (acc.).

In oaths and entreaties: P. and V. πρός (gen.).

Distributively: P. and V. κατά.

Day by day: P. and V. καθʼ ἡμέραν.

By twos, two by two: P. κατὰ δύο.

By sevens: Ar. καθʼ ἕπτα (Av. 1079).

Of the agent: P. and V. ὑπό (gen.), Ar. and V. πρός (gen.).

Take, seize or drag by: use gen. (cf. Eur. , El. 788).

By only three votes did they let him off the death penalty: P. παρὰ τρεῖς ἀφεῖσαν ψήφους τὸ μὴ θανάτῳ ζημιῶσαι (Dem. 688).

Consider each point by itself: P. ἕκαστον ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ σκοπεῖν (Dem.).

He lived by himself: P. ᾤκει καθʼ αὑτόν (Dem. 1083).

By oneself, singly: P. and V. αὐτὸς καθʼ αὑτόν.

By land and sea: Ar. and P. κατὰ γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν.

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adv.

Near: P. and V. πλησίον, πέλας, ἐγγύς; see {{U}}Near.